Trade Based Money Laundering (“TBML”) is one of the main means by which criminal groups and terrorist financiers launder money, and by which illicit financial…

Whilst money laundering using virtual currency (VC) is relatively small compared to either cash or trade, it is nevertheless growing. Virtual currency is also the…

Having established the largest criminal markets impacting SSA, highlights from a region and country perspective are as follows: For the Extract from the SSA Threat…

SSA produces ever more waste, but much less than elsewhere in the world, but because of poor waste management controls and the imports of waste…

In this overview, the focus is on organised criminal gangs, corrupt officials, fraudsters, cyber criminals or hackers, proliferators and traffickers and terrorist groups across Sub-Saharan…

Illicit arms flows continue to destabilise the African continent, fuelling crime, conflict, and terrorist activities. Subregions affected by recurrent armed conflict experience the most organised…

According to the Global Terrorism Index, the cost or economic impact of terrorism in SSA is US$12 billion. Countries facing threats from terrorism are mostly…

Forests are home to about 80% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and are under threat, with rates of deforestation at unsustainable levels. A significant contributor…

SSA is a transit destination with cocaine shipped into West Africa from South America and heroin shipped into East and Southern Africa from Asia headed…

This is a combined Extract from FCN’s Sub Saharan Africa Threat Assessment & Selected Individual Deep Dive Country Threat Assessments focussed on the Illegal wildlife…