
All countries are expected to generate a meaningful National AML Risk Assessment. These are useful for the authorities, and the other institutions that use them (eg FIs and DNFBPs), so that all relevant parties understand and mitigate material money laundering risks. ML is a fast moving and adaptive environment with criminals changing methodologies, routes and institutions used to perpetrate and benefit from their crimes. Dedicated TF and PF assessments are also increasingly the expectation.
According to FATF, “Understanding the money laundering and terrorist financing risks is an essential part of developing and implementing a national anti-money laundering / countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime.”
“A risk assessment allows countries to identify, assess and understand its money laundering and terrorist financing risks. Once these risks are properly understood, countries can apply AML/CFT measures that correspond to the level of risk, in other words: the risk-based approach (RBA). The risk-based approach, which is central to the FATF Recommendations, enables countries to prioritise their resources and allocate them efficiently.”
NRAs can become outdated or obsolete from year to year. NRAs should be updated as and when necessary and required (as per monitored threats), and not only in preparation for a FATF review.
A tick-box approach to conducting a risk assessment will not necessarily assist a country, organisation or sector to mitigate financial crimes, money laundering, terror financing and proliferation financing risks.
Multiple agencies (with engagement from the private sector including important NGOs and civil society) should be involved in conducting NRAs for the purpose of sharing data, insights and validating statistics on a timely basis.
An NRA should be performed with the intention of providing information for decision making about risk.
Most FATF member countries have undertaken NRAs in the last 5-7 years with different approaches. Some have experienced some challenges in relation to missing underlying data, or the ability to properly scrutinise the methodology used to arrive as a risk rating. There are interpretive challenges relating to risk allocation as well as meanings of “threats or “vulnerabilities” in the context of the NRA. as well as considering cross border crime. The FATF Guidance (see below) is not clear about whether to assess imported and exported money laundering risks), although this is clearly a risk factor that must be considered in order to fully understand ML vulnerabilities and threats.
A World Bank Comparative study (see below) suggested that “An intuitive start for a vulnerability assessment is to assess the strength of the policy framework with critical path analysis. The chain is only as strong as the weakest link. An example of consequential steps in the field of anti-money laundering policy is from investigation via prosecution to conviction. The investigation and prosecution may be successful but are useless when the convictions are hampered by incompetent or corrupt judges. Analysing where the bottleneck is in such systems is a good start for a vulnerability assessment. Other examples of such chains in the field of AML policy are (a) detection of money laundering by banks, which can be rendered useless if the FIU is unable to do its part in processing STRs; or (b) monitoring of customers by banks, which may be hampered by an unreliable identification infrastructure in a country. NRAs set out to answer whether the nation’s government understands how money laundering risks are distributed. Insufficient understanding of money laundering risks makes it challenging for a government to implement an effective risk-based anti-money laundering regime. The World Bank found that “Setting up an international research centre focused on money laundering risk assessment is needed to advance understanding of how to conduct such an assessment well
Ratings for FATF IO1 which includes understanding risks, identifies the UK as the only FATF member country with a High rating for effectiveness (with Bermuda the only other country with a High rating). All other FATF members are rated as Substantially effective, except for Sweden, Austria, Denmark & South Africa which are rated with a Moderate level of effectiveness, (UAE is rated also at moderate) . Only Iceland is rated with a Low level of effectiveness.
That said a number of countries produce very valuable risk assessments and regularly republish, including the USA and the UK. Other notable and highly useful NRAs (according to FCN) include Luxembourg, Norway and Malaysia. A number of countries have very dated NRAs for example Canada (2015) and Singapore (2014) with even some yet to publish, for example Argentina & India, (in progress but not yet published) & South Africa (though a banking sector NRA has been published in July 2022). Whilst Australia hasn’t published a full country AML NRA since 2011, it is as a country probably the most prolific when it comes to assessments targeted at different sectors.
Countries which produce and publish separate standalone NRAs covering terrorism and terror finance and proliferation finance should be commended for example the USA has standalone NRAs for all 3 and the UK a combined AML and CTF NRA and a standalone PF NRA.
The FATF has developed guidance which assists countries in the conduct of risk assessment at the country or national level. The principles described in this guidance are also relevant to more focussed risk assessments, for example of a particular financial sector. Annexes to this document contain additional information relating to money laundering / terrorist financing risk assessments. In addition to the annexes contained in the report itself, the IMF and the World Bank provide the following.
More on:


Financial Crime News has carried our research to identify FATF member countries (plus Indonesia and UAE) assessments over the last decade. The results as at mid November 2022 are set out below, together with links to these materials.
FATF Member Countries (plus Indonesia & UAE – Links to NRA related materials.
Argentina
- ML/TF: Not found publicly – US INCSR 2022 reports “Argentina has yet to conduct an AML national risk assessment” – https://ar.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/INCSR-2022-Volume-II-Money-Laundering-Argentina.pdf
Australia
- Sector: Australia’s superannuation sector threat update 2022: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/AUSTRAC_2022_SuperannuationCTEUpdate_0.pdf
- Sector: Bullion dealers in Australia risk assessment 2022: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/AUSTRAC_RA_BullionDealersInAustralia_web.pdf
- Sector: Independent remittance dealers in Australia risk assessment 2022: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/AUSTRAC_RA_IndependentRemittanceDealersInAustralia_Web.pdf
- Sector: Remittance network providers and their affiliates in Australia risk assessment 2022: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/AUSTRAC_RA_RemittanceNetworkProvidersAndAffiliatesInAustralia_Web.pdf
- Sector: Australian banking sector ML/TF risk assessments 2021: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-09/Overview_Australian%20Banking%20Sector%20ML_TF%20risk%20assessments%202021.pdf ; https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-09/Snapshot_Australian%20Banking%20sector_ML_TF_risk%20ratings%202021.pdf
- Sector: Foreign bank branches in Australia risk assessment 2021: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-09/Foreign%20Bank%20Branches%20in%20Australia_Risk%20Assessment_2021.pdf
- Sector: Foreign subsidiary banks in Australia risk assessment 2021: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-10/AUSTRAC_RiskAssessment2021_Foreign%20Subsidiary%20Banks_web_v2.pdf
- Sector: Other domestic banks in Australia risk assessment 2021: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-09/Other%20Domestic%20Banks_Risk%20Assessment_2021.pdf
- Sector: Major banks in Australia risk assessment 2021: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-09/Major%20Banks%20ML_TF_Risk%20Assessment%202021.pdf
- Sector: Australia’s non-bank lending and financing sector risk assessment 2021: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-06/AUSTRAC_RiskAssessment2021_NonBankLenders.pdf
- Sector: Australia’s mutual banking sector risk assessment 2019: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-10/Mutual%20Banking%20ML-TF%20Risk%20Assessment%202019_0.pdf
- Sector: Non-profit organisations and terrorism financing regional risk assessment 2017: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-06/regional-NPO-risk-assessment-WEB-READY_ss.pdf
- Sector: Australia’s non-profit organisation sector risk assessment 2017: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-06/npo-risk-assessment-FINAL-web.pdf
- Sector: Remittance corridors: Australia to Pacific Island countries risk assessment 2017: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-06/remittance-corridors-risk-assessment.pdf
- Sector: Australia’s securities and derivatives sector risk assessment 2017: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-06/securities-and-derivitives-ra-FINAL-2.pdf
- Sector: Australia’s superannuation sector risk assessment 2016: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-06/super-annuation-risk-assessment-WEB2.pdf
- Sector: On-course bookmakers risk assessment 2018: https://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-06/on-course-bookmakers-risk-assessment.pdf
- TF 2014: Terrorism Financing in Australia – Not available (link on FATF website inactive)
- ML 2011: Money Laundering in Australia – not available – link inactive on FATF website
Austria
- ML/TF 2015: Not available – Link on FATF website error
- ML/TF: May 2021: https://www.bmf.gv.at/dam/bmfgvat/en/topics/Finanzmarkt/National-Risk-Assessment-2021.pdf
Belgium
- Sector: Sectoral assessment of the money laundering risks in the Belgian financial sector subject to the supervisory authority of the National Bank of Belgium – version of 8 September 2020: https://www.nbb.be/doc/cp/eng/aml/evaluation_sectorielle_en.pdf
Brazil
- ML/TF/PF 2021: https://www.gov.br/coaf/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/avaliacao-nacional-de-riscos/4-1_executive-summary_national-risk-assessment_ing.pdf ; https://www.gov.br/coaf/pt-br/assuntos/o-sistema-de-prevencao-a-lavagem-de-dinheiro/a-prevencao-a-lavagem-de-dinheiro/1-1_methodology-national-risk-assessment_ing.pdf
Canada
- ML/TF: July 2015: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/fin/migration/pub/mltf-rpcfat/mltf-rpcfat-eng.pdf
- NRA 2014: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/fin/migration/pub/mltf-rpcfat/mltf-rpcfat-eng.pdf
China
- ML/TF: not found but details in IMF FSAP reports NRA in 2017 and publication in June 2018 – https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiIwbbnoa_7AhXg63MBHZfQDVIQFnoECAgQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FPublications%2FCR%2F2019%2F1CHNEA2019001.ashx&usg=AOvVaw1FBp67Ni-67S1610FUhjee
Denmark
- TF: 2019: http://www.geldwaeschecompliance.de/media/files/document-01.pdf
- ML/TF: 2018: https://anklagemyndigheden.dk/sites/default/files/inline-files/1%20Money%20Laundering%20in%20Denmark%20-%20National%20Risk%20Assessment%202018%20-%20Public%20%28002%29.pdf
- ML:2015: https://anklagemyndigheden.dk/sites/default/files/Documents/Money%20Laundering%20Secretariat%20-%20National%20Risk%20Assessment%202015.pdf
Finland
- ML/TF: May 2022: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/164175/VM_2022_41.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- NRA: 2015: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/97954/Raportteja_117_verkko.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
France
- Sector: December 2019: https://www.amf-france.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/sector-risk-assessment-on-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing.pdf
- NRA: 2017-2018: https://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/184000756-tendances-et-analyse-des-risques-de-blanchiment-de-capitaux-et-de-financement-du
Germany
- ML/TF: 2018-2019: https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/EN/Standardartikel/Press_Room/Publications/Brochures/2020-02-13-first-national-risk-assessment_2018-2019.html ; https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Downloads/Broschueren_Bestellservice/2019-10-19-erste-nationale-risikoanalyse_2018-2019.html
Greece
Hong Kong
- ML/TF: July 2022: https://www.fstb.gov.hk/fsb/aml/en/doc/2nd%20HK%20ML%20TF%20Risk%20Assessment%20Report_e.pdf
- ML/TF: April 2018: https://www.fstb.gov.hk/fsb/aml/en/doc/hk-risk-assessment-report_e.pdf
Iceland
- ML/TF March 2021: https://www.logreglan.is/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Natioanl-Risk-Assessment-of-Money-Laundering-and-Terrorist-Financing-2021.pdf
- NRA 2019: https://www.government.is/library/contentfiles/National%20Risk%20Assessment.pdf ; https://www.government.is/topics/public-safety-and-security/aml-cft-policies/
India
- ML/TF 2022: Believed to be in progress – not found publicly available — https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sectors-vulnerable-to-terrorist-funding-laundering-under-lens/articleshow/87412485.cms ; https://www.regulationasia.com/india-undergoes-national-risk-assessment-on-ml-tf-risks/
Indonesia
- ML/TF: 2021: https://www.ppatk.go.id/backend/assets/uploads/20220412135927.pdf
- ML: 2015: https://www.ppatk.go.id/backend/assets/uploads/20170911141133.pdf
Ireland
- ML/TF April 2019: https://assets.gov.ie/8242/80ab9a41b1354405adcec66bfb1c0715.pdf
- Sector Trust or Company Service Providers Ask Assessment 2022: https://assets.gov.ie/219649/820c4f3a-e4a1-4df9-b3a3-eb9b0808feee.pdf
- Sector: Legal Persons and Legal Arrangements Risk Assessment 2020: https://assets.gov.ie/75052/d586a59d-2f1d-48b6-b1cc-857c9316cc42.pdf
- Sector: New Technologies Risk Assessment 2019: https://assets.gov.ie/8244/86f467f3a9ca4a6b87d29bec6885523f.pdf
- Sector: Gambling Sector Risk Assessment : March 2018: https://assets.gov.ie/7705/4b1ee8ee060a4cedaccbc5af12eb46af.pdf
- ML/TF 2016: Not available – Link not found from FATF website
Israel
- NRA 2021: https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/General/risk-nra
- TF 2017: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – https://www.justice.gov.il/Units/HalbantHon/Pirsumim/Documents/TF_Risk_Assesment_ENG.pdf
Italy
- ML/TF 2018: https://www.dt.mef.gov.it/export/sites/sitodt/modules/documenti_en/prevenzione_reati_finanziari/prevenzione_reati_finanziari/Italyxs_national_money_laundering_and_terrorist_financing_risks_assessment_Summary.pdf
- NRA: 2014: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – http://www.dt.tesoro.it/export/sites/sitodt/modules/documenti_en/prevenzione_reati_finanziari/prevenzione_reati_finanziari/NRA_Synthesis_11_01_2017.pdf
Japan
- ML/TF 2021: https://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/en/nenzihokoku_e/data/jafic_nra_e2021.pdf
- NRA 2019: https://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/en/nenzihokoku_e/data/jafic_nra_e2019.pdf
- NRA 2018: https://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/en/nenzihokoku_e/data/jafic_nra_e2018.pdf
- NRA 2017: https://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/en/nenzihokoku_e/data/jafic_nra_e2017.pdf
- NRA December 2014: https://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/en/nenzihokoku_e/data/jafic_e.pdf
Luxembourg
- ML/TF: September 2020: https://mj.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/dossiers/blanchiment/en-nra-import-version-2982022.pdf
- Sector: Virtual Asset Service Providers December 2020: https://mj.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/dossiers/blanchiment/ML-TF-vertical-risk-assessment-on-VASPs.pdf
- NRA: December 2018: https://mfin.gouvernement.lu/en/publications/Divers/NRA/NRA.html
Malaysia
- ML/TF 2020: https://amlcft.bnm.gov.my/documents/6312201/6322748/BNM+%5BNRA2020%5D+Assessment+Report.pdf/40fe8e13-f38c-13ef-e298-f46a8d27ef06?t=1648654707832
- NRA 2017: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – http://amlcft.bnm.gov.my/document/Malaysia_NRA2017.pdf
Mexico
- ML/TF 19/2020: https://www-gob-mx.translate.goog/uif/documentos/evaluacion-nacional-de-riesgos-de-lavado-de-dinero-y-financiamiento-al-terrorismo-en-mexico-2019-2020?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
- ML/TF 2016: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – https://www.pld.hacienda.gob.mx/work/models/PLD/documentos/enr.pdf
Netherlands
- ML 2019: https://repository.wodc.nl/bitstream/handle/20.500.12832/3105/Cahier-2020-11a-full_text.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- NRA 2017: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – https://english.wodc.nl/binaries/Cahier%202017-14_2689e_Summary_tcm29-291391.pdf
- ML 2017: https://www.regulationtomorrow.com/the-netherlands/national-risk-analyses-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-published/
- TF 2017: https://www.regulationtomorrow.com/the-netherlands/national-risk-analyses-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-published/
New Zealand
- Sector 2021: https://www.fma.govt.nz/assets/Reports/AML-Sector-Risk-Assessment-2021.pdf
- ML/TF: NRA 2019: https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/fiu-nra-2019.pdf
- Sector 2019: https://amlsolutions.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Financial-Institutions-SRA-2019.pdf
- NRA 2018: https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/fiu-nra-2018.pdf
- Sector April 2017: Sector Risk Assessment for Registered Banks, Non- Bank Deposit Takers and Life Insurers: https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/-/media/4708b8f2a7184ddb9b12654705ad477b.ashx
- Sector: 2011: https://www.fma.govt.nz/assets/Reports/aml-cft-sector-risk-assessment-report-2011.pdf
- NRA 2010: https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/fiu-nra-2010-primary-document.pdf; https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/fiu-nra-2010-support-document.pdf
Norway
- TA 2022 National Security Authority: https://www.pst.no/globalassets/ntv/2022/nasjonal-trusselvurdering-2022-pa-engelsk.pdf
- TA 2021: https://www.pst.no/globalassets/artikler/trusselvurderinger/nasjonal-trusselvurdering-2021/download-the-national-threat-assessment-2021-in-english.pdf
- TA 2021 Police: https://www.politiet.no/globalassets/04-aktuelt-tall-og-fakta/politiets-trusselvurdering-ptv/2021-05-03-ptv-2021-police-treath-assessment-public.pdf
- AML/CFT 2020: https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjk793A8p37AhX6umMGHTRGDBQQFnoECAYQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fokokrim.custompublish.com%2Fgetfile.php%2F4701294.2528.tbnwkumaiksliu%2F%25C3%2598KOKRIMs%2BThreat%2Bassessment%2B2020.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3Q1Wj_8RHX_QgFAeT0JHPo
Portugal
- ML/TF DECEMBER 2019: https://portalbcft.pt/sites/default/files/anexos/nra_2019_-_summary.pdf
- NRA 2015: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – related to NRA materials – http://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/o-governo/arquivo-historico/governos-constitucionais/gc20/os-ministerios/mf/documentos-oficiais/20151125-mf-avaliacao-risco-branqueamento-capitais.aspx
Russia
- TF 2017-2018: Link available from FATF website is no longer active – http://www.fedsfm.ru/content/files/documents/2018/национальная%20оценка%20фт_англ_2.pdf
Saudi Arabia
- ML/TF 2017: Not publicly available (classified) – see FATF MER 2018 – https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/mer/MER-Saudi-Arabia-2018.pdf ; https://www.aml.gov.sa/en-us/Pages/NationalRiskAssessment.aspx
Singapore
- TF: October 2020: https://www.mas.gov.sg/-/media/MAS/Regulations-and-Financial-Stability/Regulatory-and-Supervisory-Framework/Anti_Money-Laundering_Countering-the-Financing-of-Terrorism/TF-NRA/Terrorism-Financing-National-Risk-Assessment-2020.pdf
- ML/TF: 2013: https://www.police.gov.sg/Advisories/Crime/Commercial-Crimes/National-Risk-Assessment
South Africa
- TF 2022: https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjroNzAwK_7AhU5tWMGHUJFCfAQFnoECAwQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fic.gov.za%2FDocuments%2FTF%2520NRA%252031%2520March%25202022.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0nFV1jjyN76qguQ9w-cAnc
- Sector July 2022: Assessment of money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing risk in the banking sector: https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/publications/media-releases/2022/pa-assessment-reports/Banking%20Sector%20Risk%20Assessment%20Report.pdf
South Korea
- ML/TF November 2018: https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiJn9KM7p37AhW_8zgGHeyeDD8QFnoECA8QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kofiu.go.kr%2Fcmn%2Ffile%2FdownloadBoard.do%3FseCd%3D0003%26ordrNo%3D2%26fileOrdrNo%3D3&usg=AOvVaw1wCWCNuvTvku_pwhR61QLd ;
- Sector: Risk assessment for assessing the ML/TF associated with the legal persons & legal arrangement/BO (1 + 2) 2019: https://www.kofiu.go.kr/eng/notification/notice.do
Spain
Sweden
- ML/TF/Sector 2021: https://www.fi.se/en/insurance/money-laundering/
- NRA 2019: https://www.government.se/4aed70/contentassets/70c9762f411144dbbaf1020b1a5425b3/swedish-national-risk-assessment-2019-english-20191205-.pdf
Switzerland
- ML/TF August 2021: https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjEqpuTgJ77AhWgzTgGHZ34AO84FBAWegQIBhAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sif.admin.ch%2Fdam%2Fsif%2Fen%2Fdokumente%2FFachinformationen%2Fbericht_kggt.pdf.download.pdf%2FReport%2520CGMF.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0dH8hPfmjshzhFQDMdboJn
- NRA 2015: https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/42276.pdf
Turkey
- ML/TF 2018: Not found but NRA information included in MER – https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/mer4/Mutual-Evaluation-Report-Turkey-2019.pdf
UAE
- ML/TF 2022: https://www.moec.gov.ae/documents/20121/465917/UAE+Risk+Assessment+Outreach+Program+1.pdf ; http://wam.ae/en/details/1395303100073
- Sector 2020: https://www.centralbank.ae/media/ziod341t/cbuae-sectoral-report-money-laundering-and-terrorism-financing-risk-assessment.pd
- ML/TF 2019: UAE AML/CTF NRA – Not publicly available but reference made: https://365343652932-web-server-storage.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/files/6915/9584/9200/20190702_NRA-Update-SEO-Letter.pdf &
- ML/TF 2018/9: https://www.uaefiu.gov.ae/media/nejdg4go/uae-fiu-annual-report-2019.pdf ; https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/mer4/mutual-evaluation-report-united-arab-emirates-2020.pdf
United Kingdom
- PF: September 2021: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1020695/National_risk_assessment_of_proliferation_financing.pdf
- ML/TF: December 2020: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/945411/NRA_2020_v1.2_FOR_PUBLICATION.pdf
- NRA: October 2017: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/655198/National_risk_assessment_of_money_laundering_and_terrorist_financing_2017_pdf_web.pdf
- NRA October 2015: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/468210/UK_NRA_October_2015_final_web.pdf
USA
- ML: February 2022: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2022-National-Money-Laundering-Risk-Assessment.pdf
- TF: February 2022: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2022-National-Terrorist-Financing-Risk-Assessment.pdf
- PF: February 2022: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2022-National-Proliferation-Financing-Risk-Assessment.pdf
- ML/TF/Illicit Financing 2020: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/National-Strategy-to-Counter-Illicit-Financev2.pdf
- ML 2018: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2018NMLRA_12-18.pdf
- TF 2018: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2018ntfra_12182018.pdf
- PF: 2018: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2018npfra_12_18.pdf
- ML 2015: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/Documents/National%20Money%20Laundering%20Risk%20Assessment%20–%2006-12-2015.pdf
- TF 2015: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/Documents/National%20Terrorist%20Financing%20Risk%20Assessment%20–%2006-12-2015.pdf
- October 2022: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0554
- July 2019: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/supranational_risk_assessment_of_the_money_laundering_and_terrorist_financing_risks_affecting_the_union.pdf
- June 2017: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52017DC0340