Trade Based Money Laundering (“TBML”) is one of the main means by which criminal groups and terrorist financiers launder money, and by which illicit financial…

Whilst money laundering using virtual currency (VC) is relatively small compared to either cash or trade, it is nevertheless growing. Virtual currency is also the…

SSA produces ever more waste, but much less than elsewhere in the world, but because of poor waste management controls and the imports of waste…

In this overview, the focus is on organised criminal gangs, corrupt officials, fraudsters, cyber criminals or hackers, proliferators and traffickers and terrorist groups across Sub-Saharan…

Illicit arms flows continue to destabilise the African continent, fuelling crime, conflict, and terrorist activities. Subregions affected by recurrent armed conflict experience the most organised…

The vulnerability of African businesses to cyber crime is greater than in any other  region, because Africa spends the least on protection from cyber attacks….

Proliferators and traffickers include states, companies and individuals involved in trafficking in nuclear, missile, WMD, and military-related commodities, often in contravention of and to circumvent…

According to the Global Terrorism Index, the cost or economic impact of terrorism in SSA is US$12 billion. Countries facing threats from terrorism are mostly…

Forests are home to about 80% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and are under threat, with rates of deforestation at unsustainable levels. A significant contributor…

SSA is a transit destination with cocaine shipped into West Africa from South America and heroin shipped into East and Southern Africa from Asia headed…